Publications

2026

1. CVPR

   Decoupling Vision and Language: Codebook Anchored Visual Adaptation

   Jason Wu, Tianchen Zhao, Chang Liu, and 7 more authors

   In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2026

   arXiv Bib

   @inproceedings{wu2026decoupling,
     title = {Decoupling Vision and Language: Codebook Anchored Visual Adaptation},
     author = {Wu, Jason and Zhao, Tianchen and Liu, Chang and Cai, Jiarui and Zhang, Zheng and Li, Zhuowei and Singh, Aaditya and Xu, Xiang and Srivastava, Mani and Wu, Jonathan},
     booktitle = {IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
     year = {2026},
   }

2. WACV

   AuthGuard: Generalizable Deepfake Detection via Language Guidance

   Guangyu Shen, Zhihua Li, Xiang Xu, and 6 more authors

   In IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2026

   arXiv Bib PDF

   @inproceedings{shen2026authguard,
     title = {AuthGuard: Generalizable Deepfake Detection via Language Guidance},
     author = {Shen, Guangyu and Li, Zhihua and Xu, Xiang and Zhao, Tianchen and Zhang, Zheng and An, Dongsheng and Tu, Zhuowen and Xing, Yifan and Zhang, Qin},
     booktitle = {IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)},
     year = {2026},
   }

3. Patent

   Detecting Relighting in Projected Light Patterns

   Hao Zhou, Xiang Xu, Jonathan Wu, and 1 more author

   2026

   US Patent 12,548,376

   Bib HTML

   @misc{zhou2026detecting,
     title = {Detecting Relighting in Projected Light Patterns},
     author = {Zhou, Hao and Xu, Xiang and Wu, Jonathan and Tighe, Joseph P.},
     year = {2026},
     note = {US Patent 12,548,376},
   }

2025

1. NeurIPS

   Salient Concept-Aware Generative Data Augmentation

   Tianchen Zhao, Xuanbai Chen, Zhihua Li, and 5 more authors

   In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2025

   arXiv Bib HTML

   @inproceedings{zhao2025salient,
     title = {Salient Concept-Aware Generative Data Augmentation},
     author = {Zhao, Tianchen and Chen, Xuanbai and Li, Zhihua and Fang, Jun and An, Dongsheng and Xu, Xiang and Tu, Zhuowen and Xing, Yifan},
     booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
     year = {2025},
   }

2. CVPR

   Model Diagnosis and Correction via Linguistic and Implicit Attribute Editing

   Xuanbai Chen, Xiang Xu, Zhihua Li, and 4 more authors

   In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2025

   Bib PDF

   @inproceedings{chen2025model,
     title = {Model Diagnosis and Correction via Linguistic and Implicit Attribute Editing},
     author = {Chen, Xuanbai and Xu, Xiang and Li, Zhihua and Zhao, Tianchen and Perona, Pietro and Zhang, Qin and Xing, Yifan},
     booktitle = {IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
     year = {2025},
   }

3. CVPR

   Optimal Transport-Guided Source-Free Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofing

   Zhuowei Li, Tianchen Zhao, Xiang Xu, and 7 more authors

   In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2025

   arXiv Bib PDF

   @inproceedings{li2025optimal,
     title = {Optimal Transport-Guided Source-Free Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofing},
     author = {Li, Zhuowei and Zhao, Tianchen and Xu, Xiang and Zhang, Zheng and Li, Zhihua and Chen, Xuanbai and Zhang, Qin and Bergamo, Alessandro and Jain, Anil K. and Xing, Yifan},
     booktitle = {IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
     year = {2025},
   }

4. CVPR

   Ground-V: Teaching VLMs to Ground Complex Instructions in Pixels

   Yongshuo Zong, Qin Zhang, Dongsheng An, and 6 more authors

   In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2025

   arXiv Bib PDF

   @inproceedings{zong2025groundv,
     title = {Ground-V: Teaching VLMs to Ground Complex Instructions in Pixels},
     author = {Zong, Yongshuo and Zhang, Qin and An, Dongsheng and Li, Zhihua and Xu, Xiang and Xu, Linghan and Tu, Zhuowen and Xing, Yifan and Dabeer, Onkar},
     booktitle = {IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
     year = {2025},
   }

5. Patent

   Liveness Detection Based on Motion, Face, and Context Cues

   Xiang Xu, Mingze Xu, Zheng Zhang, and 4 more authors

   2025

   US Patent 12,300,035 B1

   Bib HTML

   @misc{xu2025liveness,
     title = {Liveness Detection Based on Motion, Face, and Context Cues},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Xu, Mingze and Zhang, Zheng and Xiong, Yuanjun and Xia, Wei and Wu, Jonathan and Tighe, Joseph},
     year = {2025},
     note = {US Patent 12,300,035 B1},
   }

6. Patent

   Mobile Device User Authorization System

   Xiang Xu, Tianchen Zhao, Jon Wu, and 1 more author

   2025

   US Patent 12,418,526 B1

   Bib HTML

   @misc{xu2025mobile,
     title = {Mobile Device User Authorization System},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Zhao, Tianchen and Wu, Jon and Tighe, Joseph P.},
     year = {2025},
     note = {US Patent 12,418,526 B1},
   }

7. Patent

   Liveness Detection Based on Gesture Validation, Facial Expression Analysis, and Concurrency Validation

   Zheng Zhang, Xiang Xu, Hao Chen, and 2 more authors

   2025

   US Patent 12,333,863

   Bib HTML

   @misc{zhang2025liveness,
     title = {Liveness Detection Based on Gesture Validation, Facial Expression Analysis, and Concurrency Validation},
     author = {Zhang, Zheng and Xu, Xiang and Chen, Hao and Wu, Jonathan and Tighe, Joseph P.},
     year = {2025},
     note = {US Patent 12,333,863},
   }

2024

1. CVPRW

   Sharpness-Aware Optimization for Real-World Adversarial Attacks for Diverse Compute Platforms with Enhanced Transferability

   Muchao Ye, Xiang Xu, Qin Zhang, and 1 more author

   In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), 2024

   Bib PDF

   @inproceedings{ye2024sharpness,
     title = {Sharpness-Aware Optimization for Real-World Adversarial Attacks for Diverse Compute Platforms with Enhanced Transferability},
     author = {Ye, Muchao and Xu, Xiang and Zhang, Qin and Wu, Jon},
     booktitle = {IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)},
     year = {2024},
   }

2. arXiv

   Principles of Designing Robust Remote Face Anti-Spoofing Systems

   Xiang Xu, Tianchen Zhao, Zheng Zhang, and 4 more authors

   arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.03684, 2024

   arXiv Bib

   @article{xu2024principles,
     title = {Principles of Designing Robust Remote Face Anti-Spoofing Systems},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Zhao, Tianchen and Zhang, Zheng and Li, Zhihua and Wu, Jon and Achille, Alessandro and Srivastava, Mani},
     journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.03684},
     year = {2024},
   }

3. Patent

   Evaluating Biometric Authorization Systems with Synthesized Images

   Xiang Xu, Hao Zhou, Jonathan Wu, and 1 more author

   2024

   US Patent 12,039,027

   Bib HTML

   @misc{xu2024evaluating,
     title = {Evaluating Biometric Authorization Systems with Synthesized Images},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Zhou, Hao and Wu, Jonathan and Tighe, Joseph P.},
     year = {2024},
     note = {US Patent 12,039,027},
   }

2021

1. ICCV

   Learning Self-Consistency for Deepfake Detection

   Tianchen Zhao, Xiang Xu, Mingze Xu, and 3 more authors

   In IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2021

   Oral

   arXiv Bib PDF

   @inproceedings{zhao2021selfconsistency,
     title = {Learning Self-Consistency for Deepfake Detection},
     author = {Zhao, Tianchen and Xu, Xiang and Xu, Mingze and Ding, Hui and Xiong, Yuanjun and Xia, Wei},
     booktitle = {IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)},
     year = {2021},
     note = {Oral}
   }

2. ICCVW

   On Improving Temporal Consistency for Online Face Liveness Detection System

   Xiang Xu, Yuanjun Xiong, and Wei Xia

   In IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW), 2021

   Best Paper Award

   arXiv Bib PDF

   @inproceedings{xu2021liveness,
     title = {On Improving Temporal Consistency for Online Face Liveness Detection System},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Xiong, Yuanjun and Xia, Wei},
     booktitle = {IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW)},
     year = {2021},
     note = {Best Paper Award}
   }

2020

1. CVPRW

   On Improving the Generalization of Face Recognition in the Presence of Occlusions

   Xiang Xu, Nikolaos Sarafianos, and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

   In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), 2020

   arXiv Bib PDF

   @inproceedings{xu2020generalization,
     title = {On Improving the Generalization of Face Recognition in the Presence of Occlusions},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Sarafianos, Nikolaos and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     booktitle = {IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)},
     year = {2020},
   }

2. Book

   d-SNE: Domain Adaptation Using Stochastic Neighborhood Embedding

   Xiong Zhou, Xiang Xu, Ragav Venkatesan, and 2 more authors

   In Domain Adaptation in Computer Vision with Deep Learning, 2020

   Bib HTML

   @incollection{zhou2020dsne,
     title = {d-SNE: Domain Adaptation Using Stochastic Neighborhood Embedding},
     author = {Zhou, Xiong and Xu, Xiang and Venkatesan, Ragav and Swaminathan, Gurumurthy and Majumder, Orchid},
     booktitle = {Domain Adaptation in Computer Vision with Deep Learning},
     pages = {43--56},
     year = {2020},
     publisher = {Springer International Publishing Cham},
   }

3. arXiv

   Learning to Recognize Patch-Wise Consistency for Deepfake Detection

   Tianchen Zhao, Xiang Xu, Mingze Xu, and 3 more authors

   arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.09311, 2020

   arXiv Bib

   @article{zhao2020learning,
     title = {Learning to Recognize Patch-Wise Consistency for Deepfake Detection},
     author = {Zhao, Tianchen and Xu, Xiang and Xu, Mingze and Ding, Hui and Xiong, Yuanjun and Xia, Wei},
     journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.09311},
     year = {2020},
   }

4. TBIOM

   Detecting Multi-Scale Faces Using Attention-Based Feature Fusion and Smoothed Context Enhancement

   Lei Shi, Xiang Xu, and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

   IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science, 2020

   Bib HTML

   @article{shi2020detecting,
     title = {Detecting Multi-Scale Faces Using Attention-Based Feature Fusion and Smoothed Context Enhancement},
     author = {Shi, Lei and Xu, Xiang and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science},
     year = {2020},
     publisher = {IEEE},
   }

5. JISE

   Student-Centric Network Learning for Improved Knowledge Transfer

   Hong-Ji Wang, Xiang Xu, Bao-Min Xu, and 2 more authors

   Journal of Information Science and Engineering, 2020

   Bib

   @article{wang2020student,
     title = {Student-Centric Network Learning for Improved Knowledge Transfer},
     author = {Wang, Hong-Ji and Xu, Xiang and Xu, Bao-Min and Yu, Shuang-Yuan and Wang, Quan-Xin},
     journal = {Journal of Information Science and Engineering},
     volume = {36},
     number = {6},
     year = {2020},
   }

6. Tech Report

   EDGE: The Eye in the Woods Image-Based Face Detection and Recognition System

   Ha Le, Charles Livermore, Lei Shi, and 3 more authors

   2020

   Bib HTML

   @misc{le2020edge,
     title = {EDGE: The Eye in the Woods Image-Based Face Detection and Recognition System},
     author = {Le, Ha and Livermore, Charles and Shi, Lei and Smailis, Christos and Wu, Yuhang and Xu, Xiang},
     year = {2020},
   }

2019

1. CVPR

   d-SNE: Domain Adaptation Using Stochastic Neighborhood Embedding

   Xiang Xu, Xiong Zhou, Ragav Venkatesan, and 2 more authors

   In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2019

   Oral

   arXiv Bib PDF

   @inproceedings{xu2019dsne,
     title = {d-SNE: Domain Adaptation Using Stochastic Neighborhood Embedding},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Zhou, Xiong and Venkatesan, Ragav and Swaminathan, Gurumurthy and Majumder, Orchid},
     booktitle = {IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
     pages = {2497--2506},
     year = {2019},
     note = {Oral}
   }

2. ICCV

   Adversarial Representation Learning for Text-to-Image Matching

   Nikolaos Sarafianos, Xiang Xu, and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

   In IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019

   arXiv Bib PDF

   @inproceedings{sarafianos2019adversarial,
     title = {Adversarial Representation Learning for Text-to-Image Matching},
     author = {Sarafianos, Nikolaos and Xu, Xiang and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     booktitle = {IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)},
     pages = {5814--5824},
     year = {2019},
   }

3. WACV

   On the Importance of Feature Aggregation for Face Reconstruction

   Xiang Xu, Ha Le, and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

   In IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2019

   Bib HTML

   @inproceedings{xu2019feature,
     title = {On the Importance of Feature Aggregation for Face Reconstruction},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Le, Ha and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     booktitle = {IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)},
     year = {2019},
   }

4. ICIP

   FaRE: Open Source Face Recognition Performance Evaluation Package

   Xiang Xu and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

   In IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2019

   arXiv Bib

   @inproceedings{xu2019fare,
     title = {{FaRE}: Open Source Face Recognition Performance Evaluation Package},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)},
     pages = {3272--3276},
     year = {2019},
   }

5. ICB

   SANet: Smoothed Attention Network for Single-Stage Face Detector

   Lei Shi, Xiang Xu, and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

   In International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), 2019

   arXiv Bib

   @inproceedings{shi2019sanet,
     title = {{SANet}: Smoothed Attention Network for Single-Stage Face Detector},
     author = {Shi, Lei and Xu, Xiang and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     booktitle = {International Conference on Biometrics (ICB)},
     year = {2019},
   }

6. ICB

   SEFD: A Simple and Effective Single-Stage Face Detector

   Lei Shi, Xiang Xu, and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

   In International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), 2019

   Bib

   @inproceedings{shi2019sefd,
     title = {{SEFD}: A Simple and Effective Single-Stage Face Detector},
     author = {Shi, Lei and Xu, Xiang and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     booktitle = {International Conference on Biometrics (ICB)},
     year = {2019},
   }

7. TBIOM

   SSFD+: A Robust Two-Stage Face Detector

   Lei Shi, Xiang Xu, and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

   IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science, 2019

   Bib

   @article{shi2019ssfdplus,
     title = {{SSFD+}: A Robust Two-Stage Face Detector},
     author = {Shi, Lei and Xu, Xiang and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science},
     year = {2019},
     publisher = {IEEE},
   }

8. Thesis

   Face Recognition in the Presence of Variance in Pose, Expression, and Occlusions

   Xiang Xu

   University of Houston, 2019

   Bib

   @phdthesis{xu2019thesis,
     title = {Face Recognition in the Presence of Variance in Pose, Expression, and Occlusions},
     author = {Xu, Xiang},
     school = {University of Houston},
     year = {2019},
   }

2018

1. ECCV

   Deep Imbalanced Attribute Classification Using Visual Attention Aggregation

   Nikolaos Sarafianos, Xiang Xu, and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

   In European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018

   arXiv Bib PDF

   @inproceedings{sarafianos2018deep,
     title = {Deep Imbalanced Attribute Classification Using Visual Attention Aggregation},
     author = {Sarafianos, Nikolaos and Xu, Xiang and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     booktitle = {European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)},
     year = {2018},
   }

2. BTAS

   SSFD: A Face Detector Using a Single-Scale Feature Map

   Lei Shi, Xiang Xu, and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

   In IEEE International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), 2018

   Bib

   @inproceedings{shi2018ssfd,
     title = {{SSFD}: A Face Detector Using a Single-Scale Feature Map},
     author = {Shi, Lei and Xu, Xiang and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)},
     pages = {1--10},
     year = {2018},
   }

2017

1. FG

   Joint Head Pose Estimation and Face Alignment Framework Using Global and Local CNN Features

   Xiang Xu and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

   In IEEE Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), 2017

   Bib HTML

   @inproceedings{xu2017joint,
     title = {Joint Head Pose Estimation and Face Alignment Framework Using Global and Local CNN Features},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     booktitle = {IEEE Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)},
     year = {2017},
   }

2. IJCB

   Evaluation of a 3D-Aided Pose-Invariant 2D Face Recognition System

   Xiang Xu, Ha Le, Pengfei Dou, and 2 more authors

   In International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), 2017

   Bib HTML

   @inproceedings{xu2017evaluation,
     title = {Evaluation of a 3D-Aided Pose-Invariant 2D Face Recognition System},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Le, Ha and Dou, Pengfei and Wu, Yuhang and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)},
     year = {2017},
   }

3. arXiv

   When 3D-Aided 2D Face Recognition Meets Deep Learning: An Extended UR2D for Pose-Invariant Face Recognition

   Xiang Xu, Pengfei Dou, Ha A. Le, and 1 more author

   arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.06532, 2017

   arXiv Bib

   @article{xu2017ur2d,
     title = {When 3D-Aided 2D Face Recognition Meets Deep Learning: An Extended UR2D for Pose-Invariant Face Recognition},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Dou, Pengfei and Le, Ha A. and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.06532},
     year = {2017},
   }

2016

1. ISBA

   Face Alignment via an Ensemble of Random Ferns

   Xiang Xu, Shishir K. Shah, and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

   In IEEE International Conference on Identity, Security and Behavior Analysis (ISBA), 2016

   Bib

   @inproceedings{xu2016face,
     title = {Face Alignment via an Ensemble of Random Ferns},
     author = {Xu, Xiang and Shah, Shishir K. and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Identity, Security and Behavior Analysis (ISBA)},
     pages = {1--8},
     year = {2016},
   }

2015

1. BTAS

   Towards Fitting a 3D Dense Facial Model to a 2D Image: A Landmark-Free Approach

   Yuhang Wu, Xiang Xu, Shishir K. Shah, and 1 more author

   In IEEE International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), 2015

   Bib HTML

   @inproceedings{wu2015fitting,
     title = {Towards Fitting a 3D Dense Facial Model to a 2D Image: A Landmark-Free Approach},
     author = {Wu, Yuhang and Xu, Xiang and Shah, Shishir K. and Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.},
     booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)},
     pages = {1--8},
     year = {2015},
   }

2. Neurocomputing

   Unsupervised Adaptive Sign Language Recognition Based on Hypothesis Comparison Guided Cross-Validation and Linguistic Prior Filtering

   Yu Zhou, Xiaokang Yang, Yongzheng Zhang, and 4 more authors

   Neurocomputing, 2015

   Bib

   @article{zhou2015unsupervised,
     title = {Unsupervised Adaptive Sign Language Recognition Based on Hypothesis Comparison Guided Cross-Validation and Linguistic Prior Filtering},
     author = {Zhou, Yu and Yang, Xiaokang and Zhang, Yongzheng and Xu, Xiang and Wang, Yipeng and Chai, Xiujuan and Lin, Weiyao},
     journal = {Neurocomputing},
     volume = {149},
     number = {C},
     pages = {1604--1612},
     year = {2015},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
   }